EARTHQUAKE IN NEPAL
Saturday, September 23, 2017
EARTHQUAKE 2015
NEPAL EARTHQUAKE
(APRIL 2015)
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
1.1
Introduction of study
Nepal is ranked as
11th most risk country in world in terms of relative vulnerability to
earthquake[UNDP/BCPR, 2004].Nepal remains as one of the global hot-spots for
natural disaster [World Bank, 2005].Entire country falls in high earthquake
intensity belt-high seismic scale of MMI IX & X for the generally accepted
recurrence period global seismicity hazard assessment program. Earthquake is a
major potential hazard to reckon with in this country. One of the main cause
behind it is the exponential urbanization trend over the past decade .Kathmandu
valley (3 districts and 5 Municipalities) is at the high risk of earthquake.
The
April 2015 Nepal earthquake
(2072 Nepal earthquake) also known as the Gorkha earthquake killed more than 9,000 people and injured more
than 23,000. It occurred at 11:56 NST on 25 April, with a magnitude of 7.8M .Its
epicentre was east of the district of Lamjung, and its hypocenter was at a depth of approximately
8.2 km (5.1 mi).It was the worst natural disaster to strike Nepal since the 1934 Nepal–Bihar
earthquake. Based on the information by the United Nations, eight
million people have been affected by the massive 2015 earthquake in Nepal, more
than a quarter of the Nepal’s population.
This
earthquake induced many mass movements in mountainous areas and resulted in
landslide lakes, which could be another cause of secondary disasters. The mass
movements and deformation of weathered soft soil cover are the main causes of
the collapse or heavy damage to buildings and heavy casualties in mountainous
areas. In addition, the earthquake also triggered a major avalanche on the
south slopes of Mt. Everest, located approximately 160 km east-northeast of the
epicentre. The avalanche destroyed the base camp of climbers. The earthquake
also triggered an avalanche on Mount Everest, killing at least 19 people and
injured 61 others, making April 25, 2015 the deadliest day on the mountain in history.
The earthquake triggered another huge avalanche in the Langtang valley, where 250 people were
reported missing. Hundreds of thousands of people were made homeless with
entire villages flattened, across many districts of the country.
Centuries-old
buildings were destroyed at UNESCO World Heritage sites in the Kathmandu Valley, including some at the Kathmandu Durbar
Square,
the Patan Durbar Square, the Bhaktapur Durbar
Square,
the Changu Narayan Temple and the Swoyambhunath Stupa. Geophysicists and other
experts had warned for decades that Nepal was vulnerable to a deadly
earthquake, particularly because of its geology, urbanization, and architecture.
Continued
aftershocks occurred throughout Nepal at the
intervals of 15–20 minutes, with one shock reaching a magnitude of 6.7 on 26
April at 12:54:08 NST
.The
country also had a continued risk of landslides.
A major aftershock occurred on 12 May 2015 at 12:51
NST with a moment magnitude (Mw) of 7.3. The epicentre
was near the Chinese border between the capital of Kathmandu and Mt. Everest.
More than 200 people were killed and more than 2,500 were injured by this
aftershock.
1.2
Statement of the
Problem
Disastrous events in
very poor and politically paralyzed nations such as Nepal often become a long drawn out chain of events, in that one
disaster feeds into another for years or even decades upon end. The after
effects from the earthquake have knock-on effects on a myriad seemingly
unrelated aspects: human trafficking, labour cost and availability, rental and property cost
burdens, urbanization, private and public
debt burdens, mental health, politics, tourism, as well as disease and healthcare system
damages, disasters that come with the monsoon season. The first monsoon related effects: a
landslip on 11 June claimed 53 lives meanwhile a glacial lake had burst in
particularly hard hit Solukhumbhu district whether or not the quake had
contributed to such events is often unknown and unresearched, but certainly
possible. Recent earthquakes caused secondary hazards such as landslides and
liquefaction that might have contributed to losses. Actually we can’t heal the
grief of the families who have lost their members on this disaster which is
incomparable. However we can reconstruct and reestablish our nation with having
positive thinking all over and getting together.
Nepalese government
is carrying out various levels of projects and recommendation for further study
in Nepal. A number of projects have been identified for development; however,
no strong commitments have been made from any developers or investors to help
the earthquake victims.
In this context, I have tried
to answer following research questions:
(a) What
has been the overall effect of devastating earthquake in Nepal?
(b) What are steps taken to mitigate those problems?
(c) What are the key challenges for the security forces in
disaster management?
(d) Rescue and relief by various organisations?
1.3 Objectives of
Study
Generally
in a broad front, this paper deals with the overall effects of the devastating
earthquake. Whereas some of the specific objectives are as follows.
(a) To
study the earthquake aftermath.
(b) To study about the steps taken for the rescue and relief.
(c) To analyze the key challenges faced by Nepal.
(d) To analyze the approaches to those key challenges.
1.4 Limitations of Study
Lack of current comprehensive studies
and lack of recent books in this particular topic are the major limitations.
This study is based on the published papers and dissertation in which
earthquake in Nepal. The limitation of the study will mainly be confined within
the key challenges faced by Nepal during the black period by earthquake. Aswell as the grief of the
families who have lost their members on this disaster.
The role and challenges of Nepalese government is not defined in detail for
that research had to be based on secondary sources. Analysis could only be
based on the published books, newspaper, internet and the research works.
1.5
Justification of the study
Disastrous events in very poor and
politically paralyzed nations such as Nepal often become a long drawn out
chain of events, in that one disaster feeds into another for years or even
decades upon end. Earthquakes may pose greater impact in the valley due to, Rapid urbanization,
Fast growing population, and Haphazard housing & settlement patterns. Lack
of enforcement of building code. Humanitarian response will be affected due to:
Weak & poor infrastructure. Lack of communication facilities, Poor WATSAN facilities.
Poor transportation facilities
1.6 Methodology of the Study
This study is based on descriptive and analytical
tools. The main sources of the information for this study have been secondary
resources, such as books, journals, articles, World Wide Web and so on. The
reports, published and unpublished research papers were also used as sources of
secondary data.
CHAPTER
II
REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE
Various articles has been
published on the earthquake in Nepal by various authors and analytical reports
published by analyst are the major sources to provide the important data, facts
and information about the earthquake in Nepal. The Himalayan Times
reported that as many as 20,000 foreign nationals may have been visiting Nepal
at the time of the earthquake, although reports of foreign deaths were
relatively low. A Post Disaster Needs
Assessment is ongoing supported by the European Union, the United Nations and
the World Bank. The Government of Nepal will convene a donors conference on
post-earthquake reconstruction and rehabilitation in Kathmandu around the end
of June.
CHAPTER-III
3.1 Aftershocks
A
series of aftershocks began immediately after the main shock, at intervals of
15–30 minutes, with one aftershock reaching 6.6Mw within 34 minutes of the initial
quake. A major aftershock of magnitude 6.9 Mw occurred on 26 April 2015 in the same
region at 12:54 NST (07:08 UTC), with an epicentre located about 17 km
(11 mi) south of Kodari,
Nepal. The aftershock caused
fresh avalanches on Mount Everest and was felt in many places in northern India
including Kolkata, Siliguri, Jalpaiguri
and Assam. The aftershock caused a landslide on
the Koshi Highway which blocked the section of the road
between Bhedetar and
Mulghat.
A
model of GeoGateway, based on a United States Geological Survey mechanism of a near-horizontal fault
as well as location of aftershocks showed that the fault had an 11° dip towards the north, striking at 295°,
50 km (31 mi) wide, 150 km (93 mi) long, and had a dip slip
of 3 m (9.8 ft).The USGS says the aftershock registered at a shallow
depth of 10 km (6.2 mi).
Assuming
that 25 April earthquake was the largest event in this seismic episode, Nepal
could expect more than 30 aftershocks greater than magnitude 5 over the
following month. As of 23 September 2015, 395 aftershocks had occurred with
different epicenters and magnitudes equal to or above 4 Mw (out of which 51 aftershocks are equal
to or above 5 Mw and 5
aftershocks above 6 Mw) and more than 20,000 aftershocks less than 4
Mw.
3.2 12 May 2015 earthquake
A
second major earthquake occurred on 12 May 2015 at 12:51 NST with a moment
magnitude (Mw)
of 7.3Mw 18 km
(11 mi) southeast of Kodari.
The epicenter was near the Chinese
border between the capital of Kathmandu and Mt.
Everest It struck at the depth of 18.5 km (11.5 miles). This earthquake
occurred along the same fault as the original magnitude 7.8 earthquakes of 25
April but further to the east. As such, it is considered to be an aftershock of the 25 April quake. Tremors were also felt in northern
parts of India including Bihar, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal and other North-Indian
States. At least 153 died in
Nepal as a result of the aftershock and about 2,500 were injured. 62 others
died in India, two in Bangladesh, and one in China.
CHAPTER IV
AFTERMATH
4.1 Casualties
In
the aftermath of devastating earthquake of 12th of Baishak
2072 BS (25th of April, 2015), our country faced the huge
loss of human life and physical properties. Due to adverse effect of
devastating earthquake of Saturday afternoon, the most parts of country faced
from this terrible natural disaster. Immediately, there were the signs of
miserable situation in different nook and corners of the city and countryside
and remote villages too. All over the country, fourteen districts are the most
affected districts and more than one and half dozen are also affected by the
devastating earthquake. The more devastatingly affected districts are
namely Sindhupalchowk, Kavrepalanchowk, Gorkha, Dhading,Nuwakot,Dolakha and
Ramechhap District. In Kathmandu Valley, all three districts are also adversely
affected. The death tolls in these three districts are about 2 thousand and
more than 3 thousands are severely injured.
The
earthquake killed more than 9,000 in Nepal and injured more than twice as many.
The rural death toll may have been lower than it would have been as the
villagers were outdoors, working when the quake hit. As of 15 May, 6,271
people, including 1,700 from the 12 May aftershock, were still receiving
treatment for their injuries. More than 450,000 people were displaced.
The Himalayan Times reported that as many as 20,000 foreign nationals may have
been visiting Nepal at the time of the earthquake, although reports of foreign
deaths were relatively low. Appendix A
Disastrous events in very poor and
politically paralyzed nations such as Nepal often become a long drawn out chain of events, in
that one disaster feeds into another for years or even decades upon end. The
after effects from the earthquake have knock-on effects on myriad seemingly
unrelated aspects: human
trafficking, labour cost and
availability, rental and property cost burdens, urbanization, private and public debt
burdens, mental health, politics, tourism,
as well as disease and healthcare system damages, disasters that come with the monsoon season. The first monsoon
related effects: a landslip on 11 June claimed 53 lives meanwhile a glacial lake had burst in
particularly hard hit Solukhumbhu district; whether
or not the quake had contributed to such events is often unknown and
unresearched, but certainly possible.
India
A
total of 130 deaths were reported in India - including 58 in Bihar, 16 in Uttar
Pradesh, 3 in West Bengal and 1 in Rajasthan.
China
Bangladesh
4
dead
4.2 Avalanches on
Mount Everest
This
earthquake caused avalanches on Mount Everest. At least 19 died, including Google
executive Dan Freedenberg, with at least 120 others injured
or missing.
4.3 Landslides in
the Langtang Valley
In
the Langtang valley located in Langtang National
Park,
329 people were reported missing after an avalanche hit the village of Ghodatabela
and the village of Langtang. The avalanche was estimated to
have been two to three kilometres wide. Ghodatabela was an area popular on the
Langtang trekking route. The village of Langtang has been destroyed by the
avalanche. Smaller settlements on the outskirts of Langtang were buried during
the earthquake, such as Chyamki, Thangsyap, and Mundu. Twelve locals and two
foreigners were believed to have survived. Smaller landslides occurred in the Trishuli River Valley with reports of significant
damage at Mailung, Simle, and Archale. On 4 May it was announced that 52
bodies had been found in the Langtang area, of which seven were of foreigners.
4.4 Damage
Travellers
waiting on airport tarmac for flights after aftershocks forced the airport to
open all exit doors. Thousands of houses were destroyed across many districts
of the country, with entire villages flattened, especially those near the epicentre.
The Tribhuvan
International Airport serving Kathmandu was closed immediately after the quake,
but was re-opened later in the day for relief operations and later for some
commercial flights. It subsequently shut down operations sporadically due to
aftershocks, and on 3 May was closed temporarily to the largest planes for fear
of runway damage. Strong aftershocks lead the airport to open all
boarding-lounge exit doors onto the tarmac allowing travellers who were waiting
post security and immigration to flee to the open spaces of the runway tarmac
in aftershocks. Many travellers remained outside as planes were delayed and the
Airport swelled to capacity. The airport facilities suffered damage and there
was no running water for travellers waiting in airport lounges or operating
toilets. Airport workers were not at their posts, either from becoming
earthquake casualties or because they were dealing with its after effects.
Several
of the churches in the Kathmandu valley were destroyed. As Saturday is the
principal day of Christian worship in Nepal, 500 people were reported to have
died in the collapses. Several pagodas on Kathmandu Durbar
Square,
a UNESCO
World Heritage Site, collapsed, as did the Dharahara tower, built in 1832; the collapse
of the latter structure killed at least 180 people,
Manakamana Temple in Gorkha, previously
damaged in an earlier quake, tilted several inches further. The northern side
of JanakiMandir in Janakpur was reported to have been damaged.
Several temples, including Kasthamandap, Panchtale temple, the top levels
of the nine-story Basantapur Durbar, the Dasaavtar temple and two dewals
located behind the Shiva Parvati temple were demolished by the quake. Some
other monuments including the TalejuBhawani Temple partially collapsed.
The
top of the Jaya Bageshwari Temple in Gaushala and some parts of the Pashupatinath Temple, Swoyambhunath, Boudhanath
Stupa,
Ratna Mandir, inside Rani Pokhari, and Durbar High School have been destroyed.
In
Patan, the Char Narayan Mandir, the statue of Yog NarendraMalla, a pati inside
Patan Durbar Square, the Taleju Temple, the Hari Shankar, Uma Maheshwar Temple
and the Machhindranath Temple in Bungamati were destroyed. In Tripureshwar, the
KalMochanGhat, a temple inspired by Mughal architecture, was completely destroyed
and the nearby Tripura Sundari also suffered significant damage. In Bhaktapur,
several monuments, including the Fasi Deva temple, the Chardham temple and the
17th century Vatsala Durga Temple, were fully or partially destroyed.
Outside
the Valley, the Manakamana Temple in Gorkha, the Gorkha
Durbar, the PalanchokBhagwati, in Kabhrepalanchok
District,
the Rani Mahal in Palpa District, the Churiyamai in Makwanpur District, the DolakhaBhimsensthan in Dolakha District, and the Nuwakot Durbar suffered
varying degrees of damage. Historian Prushottam Lochan Shrestha stated,
"We have lost most of the monuments that had been designated as World
Heritage Sites in Kathmandu, Bhaktapur and Lalitpur District,
Nepal.
They cannot be restored to their original states.The northeastern parts of
India also received major damage. Heavy shocks were felt in the states
Uttrakhand, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal and others. Huge damage was caused to
the property and the lives of the people.
4.5 Economic loss
Concern was expressed that harvests could be reduced or lost
this season as people affected by the earthquake would have only a short time
to plant crops before the onset of the Monsoon rains.
Nepal,
with a total Gross Domestic Product of USD$19.921 billion (according to a 2012
estimate), is one of Asia's poorest countries, and has little ability to fund a
major reconstruction effort on its own. Even before the quake, the Asian Development
Bank
estimated that it would need to spend about four times more than it currently
does annually on infrastructure through to 2020 to attract investment. The U.S.
Geological Survey initially estimated economic losses from the temblor at 9
percent to 50 percent of gross domestic product, with a best guess of 35
percent. "It’s too hard for now to tell the extent of the damage and the
effect on Nepal’s GDP" according to Hun Kim, an Asian Development Bank
(ADB) official. The ADB said on the 28th that it would provide a USD$3 million
grant to Nepal for immediate relief efforts, and up to USD$200 million for the
first phase of rehabilitation. Rajiv Biswas, an economist at a Colorado-based consultancy, said that
rebuilding the economy will need international effort over the next few years
as it could "easily exceed" USD$5 billion, or about 20 percent of
Nepal's gross domestic
product.
4.6 Social effects
It
was reported that the survivors were preyed upon by human traffickers involved
in supply of girls and women to the brothels of South Asia. The most affected
were the poor communities who lost their homes.
4.7 Minorities/Racial
Element
In
the bitter fight for supplies, single women have had very little access to
post-quakes relief as dropped or handed out supplies are hoarded by males,
where rapes and fear of rapes block material aid and healthcare services from
reaching them, according to a report by the Inter-party Women’s Alliance
(IPWA). Additionally, the earthquake has hit certain minorities, Tibeto-Burman
(Oriental) races were hardest hit as they tend to inhabit the higher slopes of
mountains as opposed to the central valleys, and thus are harder to access,
less educated and connected, and are considered lower caste within Nepali
society. Malnutrition in children, where 41 percent of children under five were
stunted, 29 percent were underweight and 11 percent were emaciated according to
UNICEF before the quake, has worsened considerably some 3 months after the
quake according to a survey, with the most undernourished being Tamang and Chepang peoples.
4.8 Media coverage
On
3 May, the hashtag #GoHomeIndianMedia was trending worldwide on Twitter
condemning news covered by the Indian media as insensitive and inhumane to
victims of the tragedy. People of Nepal acknowledged the aid and effort put by
the Indian armed forces, yet, at the same time, accused Indian news networks of
carrying out "a public relations exercise" on behalf of the Indian
government, for patronising aid given as exclusive, and for hogging space on
relief planes where aid material or rescue or medical personnel could have been
sent instead.[117] Indian users responded with the
hashtags#SorryNepal and #DontComeBackIndianMedia.
CHAPTER-V
RESCUE AND RELIEF
About
90 percent of soldiers from the Nepalese Army were sent to the stricken areas in
the aftermath of the earthquake under Operation
SankatMochan, with volunteers mobilized from other parts of the country.
Rainfall and aftershocks were factors complicating the rescue efforts, with
potential secondary effects like additional landslides and further building
collapses being concerns. Impassable roads and damaged communications
infrastructure posed substantial challenges to rescue efforts. Survivors were
found up to a week after the earthquake.
As
of 1 May 2015, international aid agencies like Médecins Sans
Frontières (Doctors Without Borders) and the Red Cross were able to start medically
evacuating the critically wounded by helicopter from outlying areas, initially
cut-off from the capital city, Kathmandu, and treating others in mobile and
makeshift facilities.
Emergency
workers were able to identify four men who had been trapped in rubble, and
rescue them, using advanced heartbeat detection. The four men were trapped in
up to ten feet of rubble in the village of Chautara, north of Kathmandu. An
international team of rescuers from several countries using finder devices
found two sets of men under two different collapsed buildings.
Volunteers
used crisis mapping to help plan emergency aid work.
Public volunteers from around the world added details into online maps.
Information was mapped from data input from social media, satellite pictures
and drones of passable roads, collapsed
houses, stranded, shelter less and starving people, who needed help, and from
messages and contact details of people willing to help. On-site volunteers
verified these mapping details wherever they could to reduce errors. First
responders, from Nepalese citizens to the Red Cross, the Nepal army and the
United Nations used this data. The Nepal earthquake crisis mapping utilized
experience gained and lessons learned about planning emergency aid work from
earthquakes in Haiti and Indonesia.
India
decided to donate Nepal with $1 Billion. This money was supposed to be donated
this much money directly and also via indirect sources like Materials to build
it cities back. India's External Affairs Minister Sushma Swaraj said “I am
happy to announce Government of India's pledge for Nepal's post-earthquake
reconstruction of Nepali Rupees 10,000 crores, equivalent to one billion US
dollars, one fourth of it as Grant”.The International Conference on Nepal's
Reconstruction has been organised by the Nepalese government to raise funds for
rebuilding the country devastated by a powerful earthquake that struck on April
25, killing about 9,000 people and injuring around 23,000 others besides
flattening over five lakh houses.
Reports
are also coming in of sub-standard relief materials and inedible food being
sent to Nepal by many of the foreign aid agencies.
A
United States Marine
Corps
helicopter crashed on 12 May while involved in delivering relief supplies. The
crash occurred at Charikot, roughly 45 miles (72 kilometres) east of Kathmandu.
Two Nepalese soldiers and 6 American Marines died in the crash.
CHAPTER-VI
REPAIR AND RECONSTRUCTION
6.1 Monuments
UNESCO
and the Ministry of Culture began strengthening damaged monuments in danger of
collapsing before the monsoon season. Subsequent restoration of collapsed
structures, including historic houses is planned. Architectural drawings exist
that provide plans for reconstruction. According to UNESCO, more than 30
monuments in the Kathmandu Valley collapsed in the quakes, and another 120 incurred
partial damage. Repair estimates are $160 million to restore 1,000 damaged and
destroyed monasteries, temples, historic houses, and shrines across the
country. The destruction is concentrated in the Kathmandu Valley. UNESCO
designated seven groups of multi-ethnic monuments clustered in the valley as a
single World Heritage Site, including Swoyambhu, the Durbar squares of
Kathmandu, Patan, and Bhaktapur, and the Hindu temples of Pashupati and Changu
Narayan. Damaged in the quakes were the structures in the three Durbar squares,
the temple of Changu Narayan, and the 1655 temple in Sankhu. Drones fly above
cultural heritage sites to provide 3D images of the damage to use for planning
repairs.
CHAPTER-VII
INTERNATIONAL AID
UNICEF appealed for donations, as close to
1.7 million children had been driven out into the open, and was in desperate
need of drinking water, psychological counsel, temporary shelters, sanitation
and protection from disease outbreak. It distributed water, tents, hygiene
kits, water purification tablets and buckets. Numerous other organizations
provided similar support. India was the first to respond within hours, being
Nepal's immediate neighbour, with Operation Maitri which provided rescue and relief by
its armed forces. It also evacuated its own and other countries' stranded
nationals. The United Kingdom has been the largest bilateral aid
donor to Nepal following the earthquake. The United States, China and other
nations have provided helicopters as requested by the Nepalese government.
On
26 April 2015, international aid agencies and governments mobilized rescue
workers and aid for the earthquake. They faced challenges in both getting
assistance to Nepal and ferrying people to remote areas as the country had few
helicopters. Relief efforts were also hampered by Nepalese government
insistence on routing aid through the Prime Minister's Disaster Relief Fund and
its National Emergency Operation Center. After concerns were raised, it was
clarified that "Non-profits" or NGOs already in the country could
continue receiving aid directly and bypass the official fund. Aid mismatch and
supply of "leftovers" by donors, aid diversion in Nepal, mistrust
over control of the distribution of funds and supplies, congestion and customs
delays at Kathmandu's airport and border check posts were also reported. On 3
May 2015, restrictions were placed on heavy aircraft flying in aid supplies
after new cracks were noticed on the runway at the Tribhuvan airport (KTM),
Nepal's only wide-body jet airport
The
list below gives a break-up of pledged donations, by each nation, along with
aid in kind, delivered immediately.Appendix B
CHAPTER VII
CONCLUSION, FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
7.1 FINDINGS
The
Nepal earthquake 2015 not only shock south Asia rather it hit all over the
globe emotionally. Disastrous events in very poor and politically paralyzed
nations such as Nepal often become a long drawn out chain of events, in that
one disaster feeds into another for years or even decades upon end From the
very next day with the help some neighbour rescue team and local citizens the
Nepalese Army, Armed Police Force and Nepal Police started search and rescue
mission all over the Kathmandu valley first where they succeeded to save so
many lives even after from 24 hrs of first shake to 280 hrs. And now after 5
days of Nepal earthquake they just have started their mission from other
affected remote area including Gorkha, Sindhupalchok etc. In this rescue
mission so many country from the entire globe came to help people over here
affected by Nepal earthquake. Individuals, Nations and INGOs came from all over
the world with helping hand having their Funds, Foods, Goods and other
reestablishment equipment and number of funds increased day by day.
7.2 CONCLUSION
Ever since the first recorded earthquake of
1255 AD that killed one-third of the population of the Kathmandu Valley and its
King, Abhaya Malla, Nepal has experienced a major earthquake every few
generations. The last great earthquake (of magnitude 8.4) in 1934 AD resulted
in more than 10,000 deaths in the Kathmandu Valley. Most of the infrastructure
and major heritage sites had to be rebuilt. There have since been earthquakes
causing severe human and physical loss in 1980, 1988 and 2011.
7.3 RECOMMENDATIONS
The after effects from the earthquake have
knock-on effects on a myriad seemingly unrelated aspects: human trafficking, labour cost and availability, rental and
property cost burdens, urbanization, private and public debt burdens,
mental health, politics, tourism, as well as disease and healthcare
system damages, disasters that come with the monsoon season.Hence,every citizen should work
together in this tough time to rebuilt the nations.
APPENDIX
A
CASUALTIES
|
|||
COUNTRY
|
DEATHS
|
INJURIES
|
|
> 8,857
|
> 22,304
|
||
130
|
560
|
||
27
|
383
|
||
4
|
200
|
||
Total
|
9,018
|
23,447
|
Foreign casualties in Nepal
|
|||
Country
|
Death
|
||
40
|
|||
10
|
|||
7
|
|||
7
|
|||
 |
5
|
||
APPENDIX -B
Aid
agency / Country
|
Cash
donation (US $)
|
Humanitarian
aid and supplies
|
Other
aid
|
International
Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies
|
$535,664.55
emergency fund activated
|
Volunteers
(first-aid, search-&-rescue)
|
Blood-bank supplies
to areas in the capital
|
Médecins Sans
Frontières (Doctors Without Borders)
|
Rapid intervention
surgical kit with 11-member team left Kathmandu for Gorkha (200 km
north-west) (61 staff deployed)
|
Water and sanitation
– makeshift camps – Tudikhel (Kathmandu), Bhaktapur (14 km east of
Kathmandu), first-aid material to Bhaktapur hospital
|
|
$3.3
million
|
Aid, first-response
teams and civil-protection experts
|
||
$1
million
|
70 relief workers,
medicines, and other supplies
|
||
|
$15.86
million
|
$3,568,500 to the United Nations relief
effort, $793,000 to the World
Health Organization, $793,000 to the Australian Red Cross, $396,500 to the
Red R Australia relief organisation, $3.172 million for other Australian NGOs
.
• Two Boeing C-17 aircraft carrying 15 tons of Australian aid and two RAAF aero medical evacuation teams. • The Government of Tasmania donated $7,930 to Rotary Tasmania's Nepal Earthquake Appeal. |
2 humanitarian experts and a
crisis-response team initially.
• 70 defence personnel,
immigration and other federal government officials to distribute aid and help
with evacuation efforts.
|
$835,000
|
Austrian Red Cross search-&-rescue staff
|
||
1 ton of medical
supplies, tents, blankets and water (Ministry of Emergency Situations)
|
|||
• BAF Lockheed C-130 Baircraft with 10
tonnes of relief materials – tents, dry food, water, blankets, etc.
• Four cargo trucks carrying approximately 25 tonnes of essential relief materials for earthquake victims in Nepal left Dhaka. The cargoes will travel through Banglabandh-Fulbari-Panitanki-Kakarbhitta land route. The relief materials include 3000 cartons (12 tonne) of dry food and fruit juice donated by Pran, and 5000 pieces of blankets donated by Brac, according to a press release of the Embassy of Nepal in Bangladesh. • Bangladesh will provide at least one lakh metric tons of rice and other relief materials including drinking water to help the earthquake victims in Nepal. |
A 34-member team (6
military medical teams and foreign ministry officials). Stranded Bangladeshis
airlifted.
|
||
$5.5
million
|
Search-&-rescue
teams
|
||
$1
million
|
63 personnel medical
team
|
||
8 man relief team (2
doctors, 4 paramedics from the Royal
Brunei Armed Forces(RBAF) and Brunei’s Gurkha
Reserve Unit(GRU)
|
|||
$4.16
million; $832,000 to theCanadian Red Cross
|
A Boeing C-17 with supplies – blankets,
jerry-cans, kitchen sets, hygiene kits, and tarps
|
150 Canadian troops; a Disaster Assistance Response Team – 30 experts; pledges by
humanitarian organizations; immigration assistance
|
|
$9.9
million
|
Tents, blankets, and generators;
emergency response for citizens
|
China International
Search and Rescue Team (CISAR) – 268 members, 26 search-&-rescue dogs
|
|
Fundraising by the Colombian Red Cross
|
Over 1,500 volunteers
from national societies.
|
Evacuation of
citizens and aid (when needed)
|
|
$791,378
|
A Boeing 737– blankets, medical
supplies, water and food; and a special trauma team.
|
36 medical workers
and 13 firefighters. Evacuated 54 Czechs and 48 EU citizens.
|
|
$744,000
|
Aid (TBD)
|
||
Fundraising
|
15 rescue workers and
medics (could not land – airport congestion)
|
||
$3.35
million; fundraising by the Finnish
Red Cross
|
Medical and logistical
supplies
|
A Finnish Red Cross
relief workers team
|
|
Equipment and
supplies
|
Crisis centre at
Foreign Ministry; a reinforcement team in New Delhi; 11 rescuers, (more help
if needed)
|
||
$68.34
million (€60 million), donated by the public
|
A mobile medical
centre
|
52 relief workers
team – physicians, searchers, dog squads; the German Federal Agency for Technical
Relief (THW)'s Rapid Deployment Unit Water and Sanitation Abroad (SEEWA)
|
|
Search-&-rescue
teams
|
|||
$1
million
|
|||
$6.45
million
|
World Vision Hong
Kong raised $1.29 million to provide victims with tents, tarpaulins,
solar-powered lights, and other necessities.
|
||
Material aid in Operation Maitri:
• 8 tons of baby food
• Over 100 tons of medical supplies • 75,000 vials of insulin • Over 200 tons of water • 100,000 bottles of water every day from the Indian Railways • Hundreds of tons of food and dry rations • 43 tons of relief material • 10 tons of blankets • Several tons of stretchers, tents • A reverse osmosis (RO) plant • Oxygen regenerators & cylinders • 345 tons of relief material, dry food and essential medicines from the state governments of Bihar andUttar Pradesh |
Rescue aid:
• 16 National Disaster Response
Forceteams, over 1,000 personnel, search-&-rescue dogs
• Hundreds of retired Indian Gorkha soldiers of the Indian Army • Hundreds of Indian Army and Indian Air Force personnel • Military task forces headquartered in Kathmandu andBarpak • Relief sorties by Ilyushin Il-76, C-130J Hercules, C-17 Globemaster,Antonov An-32 aircraft • Civilian aircraft • Helicopters – Mi-17, Cheetah,HALDhruvALH • Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) • 18 member medical team • 3 field hospitals • 2 mobile teams of specialist doctors • 41 member medical team from the state of Rajasthan • Indian Air Force rapid action medical team • 45 bed hospital at Lagankhel • Light vehicles • Earth moving equipment • 18 Indian Army Engineer Task Forces (Indian Army Corps of Engineers) • Indian Oil Corporation team • PowerGrid Corporation of India engineers • 36+ vehicles – ambulances and water tankers – from the Sashastra Seema Bal • 39 member Indian Army team deployed at the Everest Base Camp to search for, rescue and assist climbers
Evacuation of over 20,000
Indian citizens and hundreds of foreign nationals by air and road
|
||
$2
million
|
2 Boeing 737-400s belonging to the Indonesian Armed Forces and Garuda Indonesia, flew with 6 tons
of relief supplies – blankets, body bags, food, water
hospital and sleeping tents, medical equipment: and medicines |
66 personnel of SAR
and Medical team
|
|
An 80,000 pounds
(36,000 kg) relief package (via India)
|
|||
$1.126
million
|
|||
Three IAF Hercules and two El Al Boeing 747-400 jets carrying a joint IDF and MFA search-&-rescue team and 95
tons of equipment including a field hospital (with premature-babies ward),
cutters, electronic sniffers, generators, and lighting equipment. The planes
were also used for evacuation.
|
264 person
search-&-rescue team, including physicians.
|
||
$326,000
|
|||
$8.4
million
|
Emergency relief
supplies worth US$210,000
|
70 experts – Foreign
Ministry, the National Police Agency, and JICA, along with rescuers,
search-&-rescue dog handlers, communication specialists, physicians, and
field coordinators
|
|
20 doctors – Mercy Malaysia; 30-man rescue team –
Special Malaysia Disaster Assistance and Rescue Team
|
|||
Other aid (TBA)
|
|||
Earthquake rescue
brigade and engineers.
|
|||
Other aid (TBA)
|
|||
$4.45
million by the government and $25.394.275,18 raised by GIRO 555 Action ('Netherlands
helps Nepal')
|
5 tons of relief
supplies
|
62-man and 8-dog
team; several physicians, nurses, and engineers
|
|
$771,000
in humanitarian aid
|
45 urban search and
rescue technicians, 2 aid workers and an engineer.
|
||
$31,1
million (as of 25.05.2015). Including: $17.3 million (Norwegian government)
and $13.8 million in donations to Norwegian aid organizations through aid
concerts and donations from the Norwegian public.
|
Deployed NORSAR
Search and Rescue team, consisting of search
dogs, emergency medical personnel and fire fighters and equipment and aid of
15.3 tonnes. Transported with the help of a Boeing 737-800 of Norwegian
Air Shuttle.
|
||
Four Lockheed C-130 planes with a 30-bed hospital,
2,000military meals, 600 blankets, 200 tents, and other assorted relief items
|
Military emergency
personnel including army doctors, medical staff, and the combined ERRA-NDMA's special search and
rescue teams with sniffer dogs
|
||
Soldiers, Philippine Red Cross staff, the Metropolitan Manila Development
Authority Humanitarian Assistance Team and volunteers
|
|||
81 fire-fighters of
the State Fire Service, 12 search and rescue dogs, and 6
doctors of the Polish Centre for International Aid
|
|||
2 aircraft with 60
tons of relief materials, such as food, medicines, power generators, and
tents; 2 additional aircraft with 120 tons of relief materials, in addition
to a field hospital provided by Qatari
Red Crescent
|
Aid operations
|
||
Two Ilyushin Il-76 airplanes with 'a team of 90
rescuers and rescue equipment,' and 'a batch of humanitarian aid of food
products and articles of daily necessity.'
|
50 highly skilled
rescue workers
|
||
$100,000
|
60 members of the Singapore Civil Defence Force;
officers from Singapore's police forces, including the Gurkha Contingent; another relief
team
|
||
$33,000
|
|||
$55,000
|
|||
A search and rescue
team composed of members of the South African Police Service with police dogs to aid in the
rescue operation.
|
|||
$1
million
|
Sindhupalchok area
•1000tents
• Food packages for 230 families (Rice 10 kg, bean 1 kg, salt 1 kg, oil, Nepal noodle 1 kg, 10 vitamin tablets and etc. per a package) • 2.4 tons of rice, 320 bottles of vegetable oil, salts for 740 villagers |
42 search and rescue
workers including 15 medics and two assistants. Two sniffer dogs.
|
|
30 tons of
humanitarian aid, including more than 3,200 blankets, 1680 awnings and 500
kitchen sets, donated in part by Spanish Red Cross.
|
47 soldiers of the Military Emergencies Unit and seven
agents of the Civil Guard, with
60 tons of material, in order to find Spanish citizens unlocated.
|
||
SLAF C-130 Hercules flight and Sri Lankan Airlines Airbus A330 flight with 17 tonnes of medicine,
engineering, signal and ordnance equipment, supportive transport
requirements, water bottles, health accessories, dry rations, and water
purification tablets, etc.
|
Groups of specialist
physicians, other medical staff, and medicine; 44 Sri Lanka Armed Forces personnel and
4 medical consultants; a team of 156 persons, including 11 airmen, 4 medical
consultants, and 14 sailors; 97 service personnel: 72Sri Lanka Army personnel, 14 Sri Lanka Navy personnel, 11 Sri Lanka Air Force personnel
|
||
$26.7
million (fundraising)
|
38 tonnes of relief
supplies
|
Experts, including a
physician, a building surveyor, and a water quality technician
|
|
$1.5
million
|
60 search and rescue
staff, along with dogs
|
||
$300,000
|
Nepal rejected
Taiwan's offer to send search and rescue teams due to "China
factor".
|
||
$200,000
by government
$302,000 by the king $5.56 million by the public |
Medics and rescue
staff
|
||
1,000 tents and 320
food packages.
|
Up to 96 search and
rescue staff
|
||
$1.36
million
|
Medical and food
supplies, purchased from India
|
88 search and rescue
staff
|
|
$130
million (£83 million), of which $51 million (£33 million) was donated by the
government and $79 million (£50 million) was donated by the public
|
30 tonnes of
humanitarian aid and 8 tonnes of equipment
|
Around 100 search and
rescue responders, medical experts, and disaster and rescue experts deployed
by the Department for
International Development; engineers from the British Army's Brigade of
Gurkhas; three Chinook
helicopters (returned unused by the Nepalese government)
|
|
$10
million by government, the public donates separately through several agencies
|
A disaster response
team from USAID; Urban Search
and Rescue Virginia Task Force 1 from
Fairfax County, Virginia was deployed to Nepal from the Dover Air Force Base; Los Angeles
County's Urban Search and
Rescue California Task Force 2; U.S. Army Green
Beret soldiers; 100 Marines;
two helicopters and four V-22
OspreyVTOL aircraft
|
||
$100,000
|
|||
$50,000
by government
$30,000 by the Vietnam Red Cross |
10 rescuers – Vietnam Red Cross
|
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